Abortion And Racism An Advocate For Men And Women...

â€Å"Abortion and racism are evil twins, born of the same lie. Where racism now hides its face in public, abortion is accomplishing goals of which racism only once dreamed. Together abortionists are destroying humanity at large†- Alveda King. In short, abortions are destroying the lives of Canadians one abortion at a time. An abortion leaves the mother in a vulnerable state, even more so when the mother is a teenager. Abortions negatively affect a teenage girl psychologically, physically and socially. The effects that an abortion leaves on a teenage girl are extremely negative and forces their lives to resentfully change. Abortion psychologically impaires a teenage mother negatively. the majority of abortions that are performed, are†¦show more content†¦As demonstrated in the quote above, teenage mothers suffer drastically from abortion’s negative psychological effects. Teenagers are more susceptible to vulnerability in times of need. Getting pregnant at a young age would be a time of need, since they are not capable of raising and supporting a child alone. As demonstrated above, teenagers have peer pressure to abort a baby from parents or sexual partners. This pressure comes from the message that society conveys that says teenage pregnancy is unacceptable and frowned upon. The parents or sexual partner pushes for the abortion, unknowingly pushing these young girls into a life of mental pain. The vulnerability pushes these young girls to go through with the abortion, opening themselves up to a changed life that affects their mental state in a negative manner. The abortion puts them at risk to depression, suicidal thoughts and other psychological problems. Thus, abortion effects a teenage girl extremely negatively. Abortion has large negative effects on a teenage girl physically. There is an extensive list of physical side effects that can physically harm a woman during and post

The Taming Of The Shrew And Ella Wheeler Wilcoxs Woman

For females, living in a misogynistic, women disfavoring society often comes with consequences– in many cases, the restrictions of women’s roles. Hence, the topic of female stereotypes has been addressed for centuries, from Shakespeare’s era to present day. William Shakespeare’s play The Taming of the Shrew and Ella Wheeler Wilcox’s poem â€Å"Woman† exhibit their opinions regarding a woman’s role in society and the manner in which she responds. Shakespeare and Wilcox both reject the idea that female stereotypes, set by a misogynistic society, pressures and encourages women into conforming. While Shakespeare believes that women must put on the facade of giving up their volition in order to gain respect, Wilcox proposes that women need to be†¦show more content†¦The audience realizes that Kate is merely agreeing with Petruchio in order to gain respect when she voices her opinions, as seen in her lengthy speech at the end of the play, where Kate finds herself lecturing two brides on how to be an obedient wife during her younger sister’s wedding dinner. She lectures that â€Å"[the] duty as the subject owes the prince,/ Even such a woman oweth to her husband† (Shakespeare V. II. 178-179). Kate compares the relationship of a woman and her husband to a servant and a prince, hinting at the stereotype of a wife being submissive. By using the word â€Å"duty† Kate indicates that women are required to serve their husbands and have no choice but to do so, and by using the word â€Å"prince† she emphasizes the dominance of husbands. While saying that the relationship between a wife and her husband is similar to the relationship between a servant and his master, she hides the underlying message that these relationships can never be compared because wives are not servants. The relationship between a servant and the prince has no love or attraction that is found in a marriage– thus d owngrading a wife to a servant is extreme and sarcastic to Kate. It seems as though she is complimenting the power of husbands, or males, yet the insincere tone conveys that really she is challenging the extent to which a husband can overpower his wife in their relationship. The men do not interrupt or disagree with her because

Eco Friendly Free Essays

string(62) " the larger number is 4 times as large as the smaller number\." WWW. JAGRANJOSH. COM SSC COMBINED GRADUATE LEVEL (MAIN) EXAMINATION 2012 QUESTION PAPER SSC Combined Graduate Level (Main) Examination 2012 Question Paper 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Eco Friendly or any similar topic only for you Order Now (a) . . =? 9 44 27 44 (b) (c) 44 9 (d) 27 42 2. Complete the series 7, 26, 63, 124, 215, 342,? (a) 481 (b) 511 (c) 391 (d) 421 3. A woman sells to the first customer half her stock of apples and half an apple, to the second customer half an apple and half of her remaining stock and so also to a third and to a fourth customer. She finds that she has now 15 apples left. How many had she at first? (a) 250 (b) 155 (c) 125 (d) 255 4. There are 200 questions on a 3 hour examination. Among 200 questions, 50 are from Maths, 100 are in GK and 50 are in Science. He spent twice as much time on each mathematics question as for each other question. How many minutes did he spend on mathematics question? (a) 36 (b) 72 (c) 100 (D) 60 5. The reminder when (a) 2 (b) 3 919 + 6 is divided by 8 is (c) 5 (d) 7 6. The least five-digit perfect square number which is divided be 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 is a) 14400 (b) 32400 (c) 10800 (d) 10201 7. Which of the following numbers does not fit into the series? 4, 19, 29, 40, 44, 51, 59, 73 (b) 51 (c) 44 (d) 29 (a) 59 8. What will be the remainder when 19100 is divided be 20? (b) 20 (c) 3 (d) 1 (a) 19 9. A toy factory manufactured a batch of electronic toys. If the toys were packed in boxes of 155 each, 13 boxes would not be filled completely. If the toys were packed in boxes of 65 each, 22 such boxes would not be enough to pack all o f them. Coincidentally, in the end, the toys were packed in n toys each, without any remainder. The total number of toys was (a) 1424 (b) 1434 (c) 1444 (d) 1454 2 SSC Combined Graduate Level (Main) Examination 2012 Question Paper 10. A and B started a business with Rs 20000 and Rs 35000 respectively. They agreed to share the profit in the ratio of their capital. C joins the partnership with the condition that A, B, and C will share profit equally and pays Rs 220000 as premium for this, to be shared between A and B. This is to be divided between A and B in the ratio of (a) 10: 1 (b) 1: 10 (c) 9: 10 (d) 10: 9 11. A can complete a work in 20 days and B in 30 days. A worked alone for 4 days and then B complete the remaining work along with C in 18 days. In how many days can C working alone complete the work? (a) 12 (b) 68 (c) 72 (d) 90 12. A pipe can fill a cistern in 12 minutes and another pipe can fill it in 15 minutes, but a third pipe can empty it in 6 minutes. The first two pipes are kept open for 5 minutes in the beginning and then the third pipe is also opened. Number of minutes taken to empty the cistern is (a) 38 (b) 22 (c) 42 (d) 45 13. A and B can complete a job in 24 days working together. An alone can complete it in 32 days. Both of them worked together for 8 days and then A left. The number of days b will take to complete the remaining job is (a) 16 (b) 32 (c) 64 (d) 128 14. In a factory, there are equal number of women and children. Women work for 6 hours a day and children for 4 hours a day. During festival time, the work load goes up by 50%. The government rule does not allow children to work for more than 6 hours a day. If they are equally efficient and the extra work is done by women, then extra hours of work put in by women every day are (a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 9 15. A and B each working alone can do a work in 15 days and 25 days respectively. They started the work together, but B left after some time and A finished the remaining work in 7 days. After how many days from the start did B leave? (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 9 16. A and B undertaken to do a piece of work for Rs 1200. A alone can do it in 8 days, while B can do it in 6 days. With the help of C, they complete it in 3 days. Find Cs share. (a) Rs 450 (b) Rs 300 (c) Rs 150 (d) Rs 100 17. By selling an article at 80% of its marked price, a trader makes a loss of 10%. What will be the profit percentage if he sells it at 95% if its marked price? (a) 6. 9 (b) 5 (c) 5. 9 (d) 12. 5 3 SSC Combined Graduate Level (Main) Examination 2012 Question Paper 18. By selling an umbrella for Rs 30, a shopkeeper gains 20%. During a clearance sale, the shopkeeper allows a discount of 10% of the marked price. His gain percentage during the sale season is (a) 7 (b) 7. 5 (c) 8 (d) 9 19. What is maximum percentage discount (approximately) that a merchant can offer on his marked price so that he ends up selling at no profit or loss, id he initially marked his goods up by 40%? (a) 60% (b) no discount (c) 33. 5% (d) 28. 5% 20. A shopkeeper marks the prices at 15% higher than the original price. Due to increase in demand, he further increase the price by 10%. How much percentage profit will he get? (a) 25 (b) 26. 5 (c) 20 (d) 24. 5 21. From a vessel containing100 litres of wine, 10 litres are drawn out and an equal amount of water is added. From the mixture, 10 litres is again drawn out and same quantity of water is added. What is the final ratio of wine and water? (a) 80 : 20 (b) 90 : 10 (c) 91 : 9 (d) 81 : 19 22. From each of two given numbers, half the smaller number is subtracted. After such subtraction, the larger number is 4 times as large as the smaller number. You read "Eco Friendly" in category "Papers" What is the ratio of the number? (a) 5: 2 (b) 1: 4 (c) 4: 1 (d) 4: 5 23. Men, women and children are employed to do a work in the proportion of 3: 2: 1 and their wages as 5: 3: 2. When 90 men are employed, total daily wages of all amounts to Rs 10350. Find the daily wage of a man. (a) Rs 45 (b) Rs 57. 0 (c) Rs 115 (d) Rs 75 24. Brothers A and B had some savings in the ratio 4: 5. They decided to buy a gift for their sister, sharing the cost in the ratio 3: 4. After they bought, A spent two-third of his amount while B is left with Rs 145. Then the value of the gift is (a) Rs 70 (b) Rs 105 (c) Rs 140 (d) Rs 175 25 . The taxi charges in a city contain fixed charges and additional charge/km. The fixed charge is for a distance of upto 5 km and additional charge/km thereafter. The charge for a distance of 10 km is Rs 350 and for 25 km is Rs 800. The charge for a distance of 30 km is (a) Rs 800 (b) Rs 750 (c) Rs 900 (d) Rs 950 SSC Combined Graduate Level (Main) Examination 2012 Question Paper 26. The marks of 3 students A, B and C are in the ratio 10: 12: 15. If the maximum marks of the paper are 100, then the marks of B cannot be in the range of (a) 20 – 30 (b) 40 – 50 (c) 70 – 80 (d) 80 – 90 27. The average of the test scores of a class of ‘m’ student is 70 and that of ‘n’ students is 91. When the scores of both the classes are combined, the average is 80. What is n/m? (a) 11/10 (b) 13/10 (c) 10/13 (d) 10/11 28. The average salary per head of all workers of an institution is Rs 60. The average salary per head of 12 officers is Rs 400. The average salary per head of the rest is Rs 56. Then the total number of workers in the institution is (a) 1030 (b) 1032 (c) 1062 (d) 1060 29. A cricket played 80 innings and scored an average of 99 runs. His score in the last inning is zero run. To have an average of 100 at the end, his score in the last innings should have been (a) 10 runs (b) 1 run (c) 60 runs (d) 80 runs 30. A man spends an average of Rs 1694. 70 per month for the first 7 months and Rs 1810. 50 per month for the next 5 months. His monthly salary if he saves Rs 3084. 60 during the whole year is (a) Rs 2400 (b) Rs 3000 (c) Rs 1000 (d) Rs 2000 31. Three years ago, the average age of A, B and C was 27 years, and that of B and C five years ago was 20 years. A’s present age is (a) 30 years (b) 35 years (c) 40 years (d) 48 years 32. The average height of the basketball team A is 5 feet 11 inches and that of B is 6 feet 2 inches. There are 20 players in team A and 18 players in team B. The overall average height is (a) 72. 42 inches (b) 72 inches (c) 70. 22 inches (d) 70 inches 33. A shopkeeper sells a transistor at 15% above its cost price. If he had bought it at 5% more than what he paid for it and sold it for Rs 6 more, he would have gained 10%. The cost price of the transistor is (a) Rs 800 (b) Rs 1000 (c) Rs 1200 (d) Rs 1400 34. A seller user 920 g in place of one kg to sell his articles at 15% gain on cost price, the actual percentage of profit is (a) 20 (b) 15 (c) 25 (d) 30 35. A man sold two houses for Rs 96000 each. In the sale of the first house, he incurred 20% profit and in the sale of the second, he incurred 20% loss. What is the gain or loss percentage in total? 5 SSC Combined Graduate Level (Main) Examination 2012 Question Paper (a) 6% gain (b) 6% loss (c) 4% gain (d) 4% loss 36. The price of a land passing through three hands, rises on the whole by 65%. If the first and second sellers earned 20% and 25% profit respectively. Find the profit earned by the third seller. (a) 20% (b) 55% (c) 10% (d) 25% 37. One year payment to the servant is Rs 500 plus one shirt. The servant leaves after 10 months and receives Rs 350 and a shirt of the same value. What is the price of the shirt? (a) Rs 150 (b) Rs 350 (c) Rs 400 (d) Rs 500 38. A person purchased a certain number of articles at 11 articles for Rs 10 and sold them at 10 articles for Rs 11. Find the gain percentage. (a) 22 (b) 20 (c) 1 (d) 21 39. Of the adult population in a certain city, 45% of men and 25% of women are married. Assuming that no man marries more than one women, and vice versa, the percentage of total population of adults who are married, is (a) 33. 33 (b) 35. 14 (c) 31. 1 (d) 30 40. A garrison is provided with ration for 72 soldiers to last for 54 days. Find how long would the same amount of food last for 90 soldiers. If the individual ration is reduced by 10%? (a) 48 days (b) 72 days (c) 54 days (d) 126 days 41. In an examination paper of five questions, 5% the candidates answered all of them and 5% answered none. Of the rest, 25% candidates answered only one question and 20% answered 4 questions and 20% answered 4 questions. If 396 candidates answered either 2 questions or 3 questions, the number of candidates that appeared for the examination was (a) 800 (b) 1000 (c) 850 (d) 900 42. In a test, A scored 10% more than B and scored 5% more C. If C scored 300 marks out of 400, then A’s marks are (a) 310 (b) 325 (c) 350 (d) 360 43. A train crosses a bridge of length 150 m in 15 seconds and a man standing on it in 9 sec. The train is travelling at a uniform speed. Length of the train is (a) 225 m (b) 200 m (c) 135 m (d) 90 m 44. Arun and Bhaskar start from place P at 6 am and 7. 30am respectively and run in the same direction. Arun and Bhaskar run at 8 km/h and 12 km/h respectively. Bhaskar overtakes Arun at (a) 10:30 am (b) 9 am (c) 11:30 am (d) 11 am 6 SSC Combined Graduate Level (Main) Examination 2012 Question Paper 45. A man can row at 10 km/h in still water. If it takes a total of 5 hours for him to go to a place 24 km away and return, then the speed of the water current is (a) 2 km/h (b) 3 km/h (c) 2 km/h 1 (d) 1 km/h 46. A man started 20 min late and travelling at a speed of 1 times of his usual speed reaches his office in time. The time taken by the man to reach his office at his speed is (a) 40 min (b) 1 h 20 min (c) 1 h (d) 30 min 7. Divided Rs 15494 between A and B so that A’s share at the end of years may be equal to B’s share at the end of 11 years, compound interest being 20% per annum. Then A’s share is (a) Rs 8000 (b) Rs 9140 (c) Rs 9144 (d) Rs 9414 48. The principal amount which yields a compound interest of Rs 208 in the second year at 4% is (a) Rs 5000 (b) Rs 1000 0 (c) Rs 13000 (d) Rs 6500 49. An amount is invested in a blank at compound rate of interest. The total amount, including interest, after first and third years is Rs 1200 and Rs 1587 respectively. What is the rate of interest? (a) 10% (b) 3. 9% (c) 12% (d) 15% 50. The difference between compound and simple rates of interest on Rs 10000 for 3 years at 5% per annum is (a) Rs 76. 25 (b) Rs 76. 75 (c) Rs 76. 50 (d) Rs 76 51. A solid consist of circular cylinder with exact fitting right circular cone placed on the top. The height of the cone is h. If total volume of the solid is three times the volume of the cone, then the height of the circular cylinder is (a) 2 h (b) 2? 3 (c) 4 h (d) 3? 2 52. Water flows at a rate of 10 meters per in diameter. How long will it take to fill up a conical vessel whose diameter at the base is 40 cm and depth is 24 cm? a) 51 min 12 sec (b) 52 min 1 sec (c) 48 min 15 sec (d) 55 min 53. The three perpendicular distances of three sides of an equilateral triangle from a point which lies inside that triangle are 6 cm, 9 cm and 12 cm respectively. The perimeter of the triangle is (a) 42 2 cm (b) 45 3 cm (c) 52 2 cm (d) 54 3 cm 54. The area of a right-angled triangle is 24 cm2 and one of the sides containing the right angle is 6 cm. The altitude on the hypotenuse is 7 SSC Combined Graduate Level (Main) Examination 2012 Question Paper (a) 3. 6 cm (b) 4. 8 cm (c) 5. 2 cm (d) 12 cm 55. A cost of cultivating a square field at a rate of Rs 135 per hectare is Rs 1215. The cost of putting a fence around it at the rate of 75 paise per metre would be (a) Rs 360 (b) Rs 810 (c) Rs 900 (d) Rs 1800 56. The area of a trapezium is 384 cm2. If its parallel sides are in ratio 3: 5 and the perpendicular distance between them is 12 cm, the smaller of the parallel sides is (a) 20 cm (b) 24 cm (c) 30 cm (d) 36 cm 57. The perimeter of the triangular base of a right prism is 60 cm and the sides of the base are in the ratio 5: 12: 13. Then its volume will be (height of the prism being 50 cm) (a) 6000 cm3 (b) 6600 cm3 (c) 5400 cm3 (d) 9600 cm3 58. If the length of a rectangular parallelepiped is 3 times of its breadth and 5 times of its height and its volume is 14400 cu cm, then area of the total surface will be (a) 2420 sq cm (b) 3320 sq cm (c) 4320 sq cm (d) 5320 sq cm 59. The capacities of two hemispherical bowls are 6. 4 litres and 21. 6 litres respectively. Then the ratio of their internal curved surface areas will be (a) 4 : 9 (b)2 : 3 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 16 : 81 60. Let A and B be two solid spheres such that the surface area of B is 300% higher than the surface area of A. The volume of A is found to be k% lower than the volume of B. The value of k must be (a) 85. (b) 92. 5 (c) 90. 5 (d) 87. 5 61. The ratio of the areas of the circum circle and the incircle of a square is (a) 2: 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 2 62. From a circular sheet of paper of radius 10 cm, a sector of area 40% is removed. If the remaining part is used to make a conical surface, then the ratio of the radius and the height of the cone is (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 1 (c) 3 : 4 (d) 4 : 3 63. If the area of the circular shell having inner and outer radii of 8 cm and 12 cm respectively is equal to the total surface area of cylinder of radius R1 and height h, then h, in terms of R1 will be (a) 2 3 1 ? 30 7 (b) 2 1 ? 40 2 1 (c) 30 1 2 1 (d) 2 40 1 1 8 SSC Combined Graduate Level (Main) Examination 2012 Question Paper 64. A well of radius 3. 5 m is dug 16 m deep. The earth removed is spread over an area of 400 m2 to form a platform. Height of the platform is (a) 1. 54 m (b) 154 m (c) 7. 7 m (d) 77 m 65. The ratio of the number of sides of two regular polygons is 1: 2. If each interior angle of the first polygon is 120o, then the measure of each interior angle of the second polygon is (a) 140o (b) 135o (c) 150o (d) 160o + 66. If x = (a) 0 , hen x2 – x – 1 is equal to (c) 2 (d) 5 + + + (b) 1 67. If x = , then the value of (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) + 3 is equal to (d) 68. The area of the region bounded by y = ?x? – 5 with th e co-ordinate axes is (a) 25 sq units (b) 52 sq units (c) 50 sq units (d) 20 sq units 69. The real value of x, that satisfies the equation (a) 5 (b) 2 3 (c) ? + + = 5 + is (d) 4 a = 225, b = 227. + 70. Find the value of a3 + b3 + c3- 3abc when (a) 2304 (b) 2430 (c) 2034 (d) 2340 71. Number of solution of the equation (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 ? + + = ? 2 is (d) 4 + + ? 72. If + (a) –2 = 1, then the value of (c) 2 is (b) ? 2 (d) ? 2 73. If ? = a + b, (where a, b are rationals), value of (a + b) is (a) –2 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) –1 74. 232 – (2 + 1) (22 + 1)(24 + 1)(28 + 1)(216 + 1)) is equal to (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 216 75. If the expression x + 809436 ? 809438 be a perfect square, then the value of x is (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 809436 (d) 809438 76. If O is the orthocenter of the ? ABC and ? BAC =80o, then measure of ? BOC is (a) 80o (b) 100o (c) 120o (d) 90o 77. Two chords of a circle, of length 2a and 2b are mutually perpendicular. If the distance of the point, at which the chords intersect, from the centre of the circle is c (c radius of the circle), then the radius of the circle is (a) a + b – c 2 + 2 – 2 2 + 2 – 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 2 78. Two concentric circles having common centre ‘O’ and chord AB of the outer circle intersect 9 SSC Combined Graduate Level (Main) Examination 2012 Question Paper he inner circle at points C and D. If distance of chord from the centre is 3 cm, outer radius is 13 cm and inner radius is 7 cm, then length of AC in cm is (a) 8 10 (b) 6 10 (c) 4 10 (d) 2 10 79. If PT is a tangent and AB is a chord of a circle and they intersect at the point P externally and PT = 2AP and AB = 18 units, then PT =? (a) 6 units (b) 9 units (c) 12 units (d) 15 units 80. In ? ABC, DE ? BC where DE intersects AB and AC at the points D and E respectively. If AD = 6 cm, DB = 12x – 6 cm, and AE = 2x cm and CE = 16 – 2x cm, then the value of x is (a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 8 81. If the sides of a quadrilateral ABCD touch a circle and AB = 6 cm, CD = 5 cm, BC = 7 cm, then the length of AD in cm is (a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 9 82. AB is the diameter of a circle with centre O and P is a point on it. If ? POA = 120o, then the value of ? PBO is (a) 30o (b) 50o (c) 60o (d) 40o 83. From the circumcentre I of the triangle ABC, perpendicular ID is drawn on BC, if ? BAC = 60o, then the value ? BID is (a) 75o (b) 60o (c) 45o (d) 80o 84. PQ is a chord of length 6 cm of a circle of radius 5 cm. tangents to the circle at P and Q meet at T. length of TP is (a) 4. 75 cm (b) 2. 5 cm (c) 3. 75 cm (d) 4. 25 cm 85. O is the centre of a circle. AC and BD are two chords of the circle intersecting each other at P. If ? AOB = 15o and ? APB = 30o, then tan2 ? APB + cot2 ? COD is equal to (a) 3 1 (b) 3 2 (c) 3 4 (d) 10 3 86. ? ABC is a right- angled triangle, where ? ABC = 90o. If AC 2 and AB – AC 2, then the value of cos2 A – cos2 C is (a) 1 5 (b) 5 (c) 2 1 (d) 5 3 87. At the foot of a mountain, the elevation of its summit is 45 o. After ascending 2 km towards the mountain upon an incline of 30o, the elevation charges to 60o. The height of the mountain is (a) ( 3 ? ) km (b) ( 3 + 1) km (c) ( 3 ? 2) km (d) ( 3 + 2) km 10 SSC Combined Graduate Level (Main) Examination 2012 Question Paper 88. The maximum value of sin8 + cos14 , for all real values of is (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1 2 (d) 0 ( + ) 2 ?1 1 2 89. If cos2 (a) 2 1 + sin2 = (b) 2 1 , 0o 90o, then tan = (c) (d) 90. If sin(10o 6’ 32†) = then the value of cos(79o 53’ 28†) + tan(10o 6’ 32†) is (a) (1+ 1 2 ) 1 2 (b) 1? 1 2 1 2 (c) 1 2 + 1 2 (d) 1 2 +1 1 2 91. If sin + cosec = 2, then the value of + is (a) 1 (b)1/2 (c) 2 92. tan tan tan (a) 1 2 (d) 0 tan ?sin2 = 1 (b) 2? 3 2 (c) 4 (d) 4 3 93. + = ? ? = , (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 9 94. Number of integral values of x for which sin – (a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2 , where 0o ? 90o, is 95. If x = sin + cos and y = sec + cosec , find y in terms of x. (a) + (b) (c) (d) + Directions (Q. Nos. 6-100) The following pie chart show the details of 1500 employees working in a company in various scales and also the break-up of 800 male employees across the scales. Study the graphs and answer the question. 11 SSC Combined Graduate Level (Main) Examination 2012 Question Paper Break-up of 1500 employess across the scales VII 8% I 22% Break-up of 800 male employees across the scales VII 10% VI 14% V 12% IV 10% VI 9% V 12% IV 11% I 24% II 15% III 19% II 18% III 16% 96. How many females are working in scale V? (a) 180 (b) 144 (c) 96 (d) 84 97. The male-female ratio working in scale VII is () 1: 2 (b) 2: 1 (c) 2: 3 (d) 3: 2 98. The scale(s) in which the number of working females is the same are (a) I and VI (b) I and III (c) III and VI (d) only III 99. The number of scales in which the female workface is less than the average female workface working in any scale is (a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) None of these 100. Had the total number of employees working in the company been 1600 (800 male, 800 female) and pie charts of break-up across the scales the same, the percentage increase or decrease of female workforce in scale VII is (a) 10% decrease (b) 15% increase (c) 20% decrease (d) 20% increase 12 How to cite Eco Friendly, Papers

Macbeth Tragedy Or Satire Essay Example For Students

Macbeth Tragedy Or Satire Essay William Shakespeare wrote four great tragedies, the last of which was written in 1606 and titled Macbeth. This tragedy, as it is considered by societal critics of yesterdays literary world, scrutinizes the evil dimension of conflict, offering a dark and gloomy atmosphere of a world dominated by the powers ofdarkness. Macbeth, more so than any of Shakespeares other tragic protagonists, has to face the powers and decide: should he succumb or should he resist? Macbeth understands the reasons for resisting evil and yet he proceeds with a disastrous plan, instigated by the prophecies of the three Weird Sisters. Thus we must ask the question: If Macbeth is acting on the impulses stimulated by the prophecies of his fate, is this Shakespearean work of art really a Tragedy?Aristotle, one of the greatest men in the history of human thought, interpreted Tragedy as a genre aimed to present a heightened and harmonious imitation of nature, and, in particular, those aspects of nature that touch mos t closely upon human life. This I think Macbeth attains. However, Aristotle adds a few conditions. According to Aristotle, a tragedy must have six parts: plot, character, diction, thought, spectacle, and song. Most important is the plot, the structure of the incidents. Tragedy is not an imitation of men, but of action and life. It is by mens actions that they acquire happiness or sadness. Aristotle stated, in response to Plato, that tragedy produces a healthful effect on the human character through a katharsis, a proper purgation of pity and terror. A successful tragedy, then, exploits and appeals at the start to two basic emotions: fear and pity. Tragedy deals with the element of evil, with what we least want and most fear to face, and with what is destructive to human life and values. It also draws out our ability to sympathize with the tragic character, feeling some of the impact of the evil ourselves. Does Macbeth succeed at this level? Can the reader feel pity and terror for Macbeth? Or does the reader feel that Macbeth himself is merely a branch from the root of all evil and not the poor, forsaken, fate-sunken man, according to Aristotles idea of tragedy, he is supposed to portray? Can the reader purge his emotions of pity and fear by placing himself in the chains of fate Macbeth has been imprisoned in? Or does he feel the power and greed upon which Macbeth thrives, prospers, and finally falls? I believe the latter is the more likely reaction, and that the reader sees Macbeth as a bad guy, feeling little or no pity for him. Aristotle also insists that the main character of a tragedy must have a tragic flaw. Most tragedies fail, according to Aristotle, due to the rendering of character. To allow the character to simply be a victim of unpredictable and undeserved calamities would violate the complete, self- contained unity of action in the tragedy. If that is so, and if we assume that the group of three witches is a realistic possibility, then is not Macbeth such a victim? Does he really deserve the misfortune that is brought him by his fortune? After all, Macbeth is introduced to the reader as an honest and humble leader. His fate, once having been revealed to him, drives him to greed, elevates his lust for power, and coins a conceited and misguided trust in his seemingly eternal mortality. Diction, the expression of the meaning in words, is near perfect in Macbeth, simply because it is written by William Shakespeare, the inventor of perfect diction. Thoughtthe task of saying what is possible and pertine nt in the circumstances of the playcan not be disputed. Spectacle and Song are the effects that highlight the play, and are pertinent in providing an emotional attraction. Such elements are easily found in Shakespeare. Macbeth is written with the style and grace that only Shakespeare could provide. Thus, these elements of tragic drama can not be challenged in this argument. While we need to consider that Macbeth strives on power, and in doing so loses his values of humility and humanity, it should not be forgotten that Macbeth does, at certain times, feel remorse for things he has done. In Act 2, Scene 2, Macbeth confides in Lady Macbeth after the murder of Duncan: But wherefore could not I pronounce Amen? I had most need of blessing, and Amen Stuck in my throat. and:Methought I heard a voice cry Sleep no more!Macbeth does murder sleep, the innocent sleep,Sleep that knits up the raveled sleave of care,The death of each days life, sore labors bath,Balm of hurt minds, great natures second course,Chief nourisher in lifes feastMacbeth shall sleep no more. In this scene, he shows great turmoil over the deed he has done. Thus the reader is shown that Macbeth is acting out deeds that go against his conscience, that he regrets his actions, and that the prophecies are unfolding. But is this apology enough to stimulate pity within the reader? After all, the man j ust committed his first of many murders! His contrition seems to fade as his want of power flourishes. So Macbeth continuesthe powers of evil feeding on every move he makesto make way for his advancement as prophesied by the witches. He hires his men to eliminate Banquo, a threat to his cumulative reign. Having Banquo out of the way, Macbeth surges with the sense of power. There is no doubt that he is acting on the impulses that were stimulated by the first prophecies of his fate. In Act 4 Scene 1, he returns to the three witches, desiring more information regarding his fortune. They in turn assure him that none of woman born shall harm Macbeth. Invincible power! Macbeth forgets the other two prophecies: Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff, Beware the Thane of Fife and:Be lion-mettled, proud, and take no careWho chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are. Time As A Determinate Of Final Product In A Dehydration Reaction EssayLikewise with Macbeth. A strong leader, upheld by his loyal comrades, could do no wrong. But once he learned he was to acquire some great fortune, he was his own enemy. His lust for power drove him to his bitter end. Satire may be defined as a genre that uses mockery of society to shock that society into an honest look at itself. Do we consider the Hadleyburg tale a tragedy? No. We see it more as satire. It is a sarcastic view of societys morals and values, and how hypocritical people, including ourselves, can be. Putting Macbeth on a parallel with this entertaining American short story allows us to view the play in a different light. We now can see Macbeth as a hypocrite, and we can see him resembling ourselves. How often can the power of want, the desire for more, lead humanity to destruction and despair? The same motivational tool that drives a college student into a career can someday break him. So let the cr itics of yesterday have their tragedy. Let them read their own literary mortality in Macbeth:Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow Creeps in this petty pace from day to dayTo the last syllable of recorded time,And all our yesterdays have lighted foolsThe way to dusty death. Out, out brief candle!Lifes but a walking shadow, a poor playerThat struts and frets his hour upon the stageAnd then is heard no more. It is a taleTold by an idiot, full of sound and fury,Signifying nothing. I am sure even Aristotle would have allowed Macbeth into the Tragedy Hall of Fame. But if a man has the gift of foresight and is aware of the risks but chooses to ignore them and runs after his fate, what tragedy is there? If Fate wins, it cannot be considered a tragedy if Macbeth succeeds in meeting it. Today we have put out this tragic candle. Im not of much importance in this mortal world of ours, but if Ive given you something to reconsider and to ponder on, then this task is finished.

Classical and Structural Realism

One of the main challenges of assessing the actual significance of a particular development in the domain of international relations (IR) has to do with the abundance of many different theories of IR, which provide their own unique insights into the inquired subject matter. Therefore, it is crucially important for political scientists to be aware of what account for the qualitative aspects of these theories, and of what makes their practical deployment circumstantially appropriate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Classical and Structural Realism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Probably the most notable among the theories of IR are Realism and Post-structuralism. The logic behind this suggestion is that; whereas, Realism is undeniably the most ‘long-lasting’ and academically refined of these theories, Poststructuralism does appear to be the most unconventional of them, which in turn is often taken as the indication of this particular theory’s consistency with the discourse of post-modernity. In this paper, I will compare/contrast the main conceptual provisions of the earlier mentioned theories, while promoting the idea that, even though some of the Poststructuralist assumptions about the actual nature of politics are indeed rather insightful, it is specifically the Realist outlook on the deployment of power in IR, which should be considered the ultimately legitimate one. As the theory of IR, Realism is based upon three major conceptual premises: States are the only legitimate subjects of international relations. As Jervis (1998) noted, â€Å"Realism has many versions, but the assumptions that states can be considered the main actors and that they focus in the first instance on their own security are central to most† (p. 980). In its turn, this implies that dynamics in the world’s geopolitical arena should be seen reflective of the sporadic interflow of ene rgetic potentials between the countries. As a system, the domain of IR exists in the state of never-ending anarchy. This Realist postulate refers to the absence of any higher authority in the world of international politics, capable of settling disputes between the nation-states. While adopting one or another geopolitical stance, the countries are primarily driven by the considerations of self-interest. Consequently, this presupposes that they exist in the state of fierce competition with each other for territory and natural resources. The latter provision implies that the actual purpose of just about country’s existence is solely concerned with political/economic expansion, maintenance of a political stability within, and destabilization of competing states. Partially, this explains the logic behind the Realist practice of applying the ancient principle of Cui bono (to whose benefit?), when it comes to defining the significance of a particular political development. Realist s believe that this type of developments is innately interest-driven. Essentially the same can be said about Realists’ insistence that it is inappropriate assessing political developments in terms of being ‘ethical’ or ‘unethical’ – in the ‘Realist’ world, the appropriateness/inappropriateness of one or another course of geopolitical action, undertaken by a particular country, is assessed through the Darwinian ‘survival of the fittest’ principle. The above-mentioned helps to explain the particulars of the Realist conceptualisation of power in IR, as such that ‘comes out of the gun’s barrel’, on one hand, and serves as the main indication of the affiliated country’s varying measure of ‘evolutionary fitness’, on the other.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, it is no t only that Realism recognises power, as the instrument of geopolitics, but it also promotes the idea that the foremost objective of just about any nation-state is to continue becoming ever more empowered, in the social, economic, and military senses of this word. Defining the conceptual essence of Post-structuralism represents a rather difficult task. One of the reasons for this is that, due to having emerged as the response to Structuralism (the theory concerned with emphasising the phenomenological/semiotic aspects of international relations); Post-structuralism opposes many of the long-established conventions of IR, as something that has a value of its own. As Sayin and Ates (2012) noted, Poststructuralism is not a freestanding discipline and occurs inside a large context of social thinking. Poststructuralism seeks to unsettle the things established, and by its own specific methods and ways, it tries to make re-reading on lot of things about the social life, the state, and inter national relations (p. 13). Moreover, there are no universally recognised criteria for defining the conceptual essence of Post-structuralism, â€Å"Post-structuralism itself is hard to define; thus, there appear to be many post-structuralisms, each accompanied by its own particular set of theoretical and empirical concerns† (Murdoch 2005, p. 2). Nevertheless, it is still possible to outline some of this theory’s most fundamental tenets. For example, Post-structuralists insist that the functioning of just about any social/geopolitical entity is the subject to systemic analysis, which in turn presupposes that within the domain of international relations, there are no ‘independent’ and ‘dependent’ variables – all the variables are ‘interdependent’ (Edkins 1999). The discursive implication of this is quite clear – the quality of the relationship between the integral elements within a particular political system, defines this system’s structural subtleties more than anything else does. Another notable characteristic of Post-structuralism is that its proponents make a deliberate point in refusing to assess the political developments in the world within some rigidly constructed theoretical framework. According to Merlingen (2013), â€Å"The central commitment that makes poststructuralists ‘post’ is their rejection of the scientific aspirations of structuralism†¦ Poststructuralists mistrust all systematisers and systematisations† (par. 11). The reason for this is that, according to the proponents of Post-structuralism, just about every positivist theory of IR is based upon the unverified sets of axioms, which serve the purpose of helping the rich and powerful to justify the continuation of their hegemonic dominance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Classical and Structural Realism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Post-structuralists are also known for their claim that, even though the currently dominant socio-cultural discourse (post-modernity) does define the innate quality of the on-going developments in the arena of international politics, it does not predetermine these developments’ eventual outcome. In its turn, this naturally prompts the proponents of Post-structuralism to assume that the continuation of counter-cultural discourses is the necessary precondition for humanity to remain on the path of a continual advancement. As a result, Post-structuralists deny objectivity to just about any positivist notion in the field of IR, especially if it appears to serve the purpose legitimising the currently prevalent hegemonic discourse, â€Å"They (Post-structuralists) remain opposed to the essentialist individualism typical of liberalism and sceptical of its political corollaries such as international human rights policies† (Merlingen 2013, par. 13). Moreover, Post- structuralists also believe that the very notion of ‘statehood’, in the traditional sense of this word, has grown hopelessly outdated. Such their belief is based upon the assumption that the exponential progress in the field of IT naturally results in more and more people becoming increasingly aware of the oppressive nature of the conventional forms of political governance, closely affiliated with the notion in question. Hence, the Post-structuralist conceptualisation of power, as something extrapolated by the IR-subject’s ability to challenge the soundness of the mainstream discourses on the issues of socio-political and economic importance (Weldes 2000). Because information technologies continue to advance rather rapidly, this increases the competitiveness of the power-aspiring non-state actors in the domain of international relations. What it means is that it is only the matter of time, before the concept of ‘statehood’ ceases to be reflective of people’s unconscious anxieties, in regards to the notion of ‘national borders’. Therefore, while referring to power, Post-structuralists, in fact, refer to the potential capacity of many counter-cultural discourses to attain the mainstream status, which in turn must result in disrupting the geopolitical balance of on this planet. As it was implied in the Introduction, the Realist account of power in world politics is in many respects superior to the Post-structuralist one – despite the sophisticate sounding of the latter. The fact that there is too much complexity to the Post-structuralist conceptualisations of power/IR is exactly what undermines the overall validity of Post-structuralism.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reason for this is that it makes this theory quite inconsistent with the so-called principle of Occam’s Razor – there is no need to resort to the complex (phenomenological) explanations of a particular phenomenon, for as long as many of the simplistic (positivist) ones are available (Riesch 2010). Predictably enough, this has a negative effect on the theory’s ability to represent any practical value. For example, when assessed within the discursive framework of Post-structuralism, the fact that the realities of a contemporary living in the West appear ever more affected by the emergence and subsequent proliferation of different social movements (such as the one concerned with the protection of animal rights, for example), indicates that the forms of governance (power) in today’s world become ever more ‘subnational’ and ‘transnational’. In its turn, this can be interpreted as something that confirms the validity of the Post-st ructuralist idea that, as time goes on, the factor of ethics influences the IR-dynamics to an ever further extent. As Walker (1993) pointed out, A ‘busier’ intersection (between ethics and IR) is no indication of an escape from the routines through which attempts to speak of ethics are either marginalised or trivialised. These routines emerge from the way claims about ethical possibility are already constitutive of theories of international relations (p. 79). This, of course, implies that exercising power in the domain of IR very often means creating public discourses, â€Å"The political governance of modern society requires a range of actors, practices and discourses to be mobilized across diverse socio-spatial domains. Political forces can only govern by influencing or co-opting domains in civil society that they do not directly control† (Murdoch 2005, p. 43). In this respect, the continual proliferation of the so-called non-governmental organisations (NGOs) w ill appear to be yet additional indication that, as time goes on, the subnational agents of quasi-governmental authority become ever more empowered, in the sense of being able to exert much influence on the process of governmental decision-making. As it can be seen above, the Post-structuralist account of power in IR, which stresses out the quasi-sovereign status of social movements/NGOs, is indeed logically sound. Yet, it is much too ‘excessive’, in the ontological sense of this word. After all, the Realist theory of IR provides us with the much simpler straight-down-to–the-point explanation, as to the actual significance of social movements/NGOs – they are nothing but the instruments that help to advance the geopolitical expansion-agenda of the world’s most powerful countries, while allowing the latter to remain within the boundaries of the international law. The validity of this statement can be illustrated, in regards to the fact that, as of rec ent, many high-ranking officials from the U.S. Department of State do not even try to make any secret of keeping most of the world’s best-known NGOs on a payroll. Because NGOs ‘know no borders’, this makes it utterly convenient for the U.S. to use them, when it comes to overthrowing the ‘non-cooperative’ governments in other countries. The Ukraine’s ‘democratic’ revolutions of 2004 and 2014, which served the geopolitical interests of the U.S., exemplify the soundness of this suggestion perfectly well, because there is plenty of evidence now that it was namely due to the activities of ‘independent’ NGOs in this country that the mentioned upheavals did take place (Wilson 2006). This, of course, shows that contrary to the Post-structuralist point of view, there is nothing too illusive/phenomenological about the deployment of power. The superiority of the Realist conceptualisation of power can also be illustrated, in rega rds to the fact that, as opposed to what it appears to be the case with the Post-structuralist one, it correlates well with the cause-effect principle of dialectical reasoning, which in turn defines the workings of the surrounding social and natural environment. The logic behind this suggestion is perfectly apparent – Realists assume that there is always an interest-driven motive to just about every development in the world of international and domestic politics. In its turn, this empowers Realists rather substantially, within the context of how they go about defining the factual significance of historical events. For example, according to such well-known proponents of Post-structuralism as Jacques Derrida and Roland Barthes, the revolutionary events of 1968 in Paris signified the beginning of the era when people’s existential aspirations have a direct effect of the practically deployed methods of governing, to which these people are subjected (Paipais 2015). Neverthel ess, even if we assume that the mentioned idea is indeed thoroughly valid; it can still hardly be referred to as such that pinpoints the main triggering-factor behind the events in question. In this regard, the Realist theory of IR is much different. Instead of speculating about what were the phenomenological causes of the mentioned events, it seeks to identify the potential beneficiary. Given the fact that the French ‘revolution’ of 1968 occurred in the aftermath of the government’s decision to cancel the country’s NATO-membership, and to demand from the Federal Reserve to convert France’s reserves of USD into gold, this task will not prove particularly challenging (Martin 2013). Thus, there can be only a few doubts as to the fact that the Realist take on the deployment of power is not only fully consistent with the principle of Occam’s Razor, but it is also much more practically useful, as compared to that of Post-structuralists. This could not be otherwise – being essentially phenomenological, the Post-structuralist theory of IR is quite incapable of recognizing the qualitative patterns within the domain of geopolitics. After all, admitting that it is indeed possible to distinguish these patterns, would contradict this theory’s main premise that there is just too much uncertainty in the world of politics, and that it is rather impossible to predict the quintessential quality of political developments in the future. Yet, while deprived of such ability, just about any sociological theory can no longer be referred in terms of ‘theory’ per se. The legitimacy of this suggestion is especially apparent nowadays, when due to the continual popularisation of the discourse of relativity, more and more people grow increasingly aware that there can be no ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ scientific theories, but only the useful and useless ones. Even though Realists are often accused of apply ing an utterly simplistic approach, when it comes to addressing the IR-related issues, there can be only a few doubts that such their approach is thoroughly systemic, which in turn means that Realism continues to represent much value, as a discursively sound theory of IR. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said about Post-structuralism – due to its lack of methodological systemeness, this specific theory of IR promotes a number of clearly misleading assumptions, as to the origins of power in the arena of international relations. The most notable of them has to do with the Post-structuralist belief that in the near future, nation-states will cease to be considered the only legitimate subjects of the international law. However, as it was shown earlier in regards to the Realist conceptualisation of the actual role of social movements/NGOs in the world of politics, this belief can be hardly considered very insightful. After all, the recent geopolitical developments, concerned with the rise of Russia and China as the West’s most powerful rivals, suggest that it is much too early to put away with the conventional outlook on what the notion of ‘statehood’ stands for. If this was not the case, the ongoing confrontation between the U.S. and Russia would not be marked by the calls (on both sides) to strengthen the sense of ‘national solidarity’ in citizens. We would also not be witnessing the process of both countries being gradually turned into nothing short of the ideological dictatorships – despite the fact the U.S. and Russia adhere to the democratic principles of governance. Yet, this is exactly what is happening today – contrary to the Post-structuralist insistence that the role of officially endorsed ideologies (as the sources of power) in IR is rather neglectful, â€Å"Poststructuralism was the first theoretical movement to reject the entire notion of ideology, viewing it as totalistic, essentialist and metho dologically and theoretically obsolete† (Malesevic MacKenzie 2002, p. 87). This, of course, undermines the discursive soundness of Post-structuralism even further, as a theory that does not take into account the most recent IR-related developments. Apparently, the Post-structuralist outlook on the deployment of power in world politics could only make sense during the 20th century’s nineties, when Fukuyama’s idea of the ‘end of history’ (due to the ‘depletion of meaning’) was at the peak of its popularity. Nowadays, however, this outlook can be deemed neither insightful nor practically valuable – something that calls for its eventual delegitimation. The same cannot be said about the Realist conceptualisation of power in the domain of IR – despite its extensive historical legacy, the theory of Realism continues to provide many valuable clues, as to what are the actual driving forces behind the currently observable dynamics i n the world of politics. This once again substantiates the validity of the paper’s initial thesis, in regards to the discussed subject matter. As it was shown earlier, there is indeed much rationale in singling out specifically the Realist account of power in IR, as the most conceptually and methodologically sound one. In its turn, this implies that the alternative theories of IP (such as Constructivist, Structuralist, Post-structuralist, etc.) can be discussed in terms of ‘discursive decoys’. That is, their actual role may be concerned with diverting people’s attention from the fact that, just as it used to be the case hundreds and even thousands of years ago, the political developments in the world continue to remain interest-driven/state-sponsored (Realist). Even though this conclusion does appear rather speculative, it is certainly not irrational. It is also fully appropriate to conclude that the analytical insights, contained in this paper, imply that it is only the matter of time, before the Post-structuralist perspective on power in politics will be deprived of the remains of its former legitimacy. That is, unless this planet turns ‘unipolar’ again, in the geopolitical sense of this word. Such a scenario, however, is rather unlikely. I believe that the provided concluding remarks correlate well with the paper’s initial thesis. Apparently, there is indeed a good reason to think that, in terms of its ability to serve as a practical asset in the field of IR, the theory of Realism even today remains largely unsurpassable. This will continue to be the case into the future. References Edkins, J 1999, Poststructuralism and international relations: bringing  the political back in, Boulder, Lynne Rienner. Jervis, R 1998, ‘Realism in the study of world politics’, International Organization, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 971-991. Malesevic, S MacKenzie, I 2002, Ideology after Poststructuralism: experiences of id entity in a globalising world, Pluto Press, London. Martin, G 2013, General de Gaulle’s Cold War: challenging American hegemony, 1963-68., Berghahn Books, New York. Merlingen, M 2013, Is Poststructuralism a useful IR theory? What about its relationship to historical Materialism? E-International Relations, https://www.e-ir.info/2013/05/08/is-poststructuralism-a-useful-ir-theory-and-what-about-its-relationship-to-historical-materialism/ Murdoch, J 2005, Post-structuralist geography: a guide to relational space, SAGE Publications Inc., London. Paipais, V 2015, ‘Ethics and politics after post-structuralism: Levinas, Derrida, Nancy’, Contemporary Political Theory, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 216-219. Riesch, H 2010, ‘Simple or simplistic? Scientists’ views on Occam’s Razor’, Theoria, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 75-90. Sayin, Y Ates, D 2012, ‘Poststructuralism and the analysis of international relations’, Alternatives: Turkish Journal of Intern ational Relations, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 12-25. Weldes, J. 2000, ‘Poststructuralism and international relations: bringing the political back in / Navigating modernity: Postcolonialism, identity, and international relations†, The American Political Science Review, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 764-765. Wilson, A 2006, ‘Ukraine’s orange revolution, NGOs and the role of the West’, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 21-32. This essay on Classical and Structural Realism was written and submitted by user Gloria F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What Implicit Bias Means and How It Affects Behavior

What Implicit Bias Means and How It Affects Behavior An implicit bias is any unconsciously-held set of associations about  a social group. Implicit biases can  result in the attribution of particular qualities to all individuals from that group, also known as stereotyping. Implicit biases are the product of learned associations and social conditioning. They often  begin at a young age, and most people are unaware that they hold them. Importantly, these biases do not necessarily align with personal identity. Its possible to unconsciously associate positive or negative  traits with one’s own race, gender, or background. The Implicit Association Test Social psychologists Mahzarin Banaji and Tony Greenwald first coined the term implicit bias in the 1990s. In 1995, they published their theory of implicit social cognition, which asserted that  individuals social behavior and biases are largely related to unconscious, or implicit, judgments. The term grew in popularity in 1998, when Banaji and Greenwald developed the well-known Implicit Association Test (IAT) to confirm their hypothesis. The IAT test assessed the strength of unconscious biases through a computer program. Subjects were asked to observe a screen that displayed a  series of faces from different racial backgrounds and a series of positive and negative words. Researchers told the subjects to click on the positive words when they saw a face from racial background X, and the negative words when they saw a face from racial background Y. Then, they reversed the association and had subjects repeat the process.   The researchers argued that clicking more quickly meant that the subject had a greater unconscious association. In other words, quickly clicking happy when viewing a certain face meant that the individual had a close unconscious association between the positive trait and the race. A slower click time means that the individual had more difficulty associating that the positive trait with the race. Over time, the IAT has been replicated successfully in multiple subsequent trials, demonstrating its efficacy in proving implicit bias. In addition to racial bias, the test has also been used successfully to assess implicit bias related to gender and sexual orientation. Effects of Implicit Bias Holding an implicit bias towards a particular social group can determine how you treat an individual from that group.  Implicit biases affect human behavior  throughout society, including in classrooms, workplaces, and the legal system. Effects in the Classroom Implicit bias  affects how teachers treat students in the classroom. Research conducted by the Yale Child Study Center found that black children, particularly black boys, are more likely to be expelled and suspended from preschool for challenging behavior than white children. The research also found that, when primed to look for such challenging behavior, teachers tended to look longer at black children, particularly boys. The results suggested that implicit racial bias affects educational access and achievement in the classroom. Implicit bias results in an effect called stereotype threat, which occurs when  an individual internalizes negative stereotypes about a group to which they belong. Researchers demonstrated this effect through a standardized test study. Black and white college students with similar SAT scores were given a 30-minute college-level standardized test. Half of the students were told that the test measured intelligence, while the other group was told that the test was a problem-solving activity that did not correspond to ability. In the first group, black students performed less well than their white peers; in the second group, black students performance was equal to that of their white peers. The researchers concluded that the first group had been affected by stereotype threat when the researchers stated that the test measured intelligence. Similar results have also been found when comparing female and male performance on math exams. Effects in the Workplace Although explicit forms of workplace discrimination are banned in most developed countries, implicit bias plays a significant role in the professional world. Studies have shown that identical resumes  receive a different number of callbacks depending on the name at the top of the document. Across all industries, resumes with a name commonly associated with black individuals received fewer callbacks than those with names associated with white individuals.  Comparable implicit bias has also been shown in relation to gender and age. Effects in the Legal System Implicit bias has a significant impact on the legal system. Evidence suggests that black defendants are more likely to be treated harshly in the courtroom than white defendants. Prosecutors are more likely to charge black defendants and less likely to offer them plea bargains. Plea bargains offered to white defendants tend to be more generous than those offered to black or Latino defendants. Furthermore, juries are more likely to exhibit bias against defendants of a race different from the racial background of the majority of the jury. IAT tests have shown implicit associations between the words black and guilty. Implicit Bias vs. Racism Implicit bias and racism are related concepts, but they do not have the same meaning. Implicit bias is an unconsciously held set of associations about a particular group. Racism is prejudice against individuals from a specific racial group and can be either explicit or implicit. Implicit bias can lead to implicitly racist behavior, like when a teacher disciplines black children more harshly than white children, but many individuals harbor implicit biases without ever displaying overt racism. By becoming aware of our own implicit biases and actively resisting them, we can avoid perpetuating harmful racist stereotypes and prejudices.   Sources Anselmi, Pasquale, et al. â€Å"Implicit Sexual Attitude of Heterosexual, Gay and Bisexual Individuals: Disentangling the Contribution of Specific Associations to the Overall Measure.† PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 11, 2013, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078990.Correll, Shelley, and Stephen Benard. â€Å"Gender and Racial Bias in Hiring.† Penn Office of the Provost, University of Pennsylvania, 21 Mar. 2006, provost.upenn.edu/uploads/media_items/gender-racial-bias.original.pdf.Greenwald, Anthony G, et al. â€Å"Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test.† Journal of Personality and Soclal Psychology, vol. 74, no. 6, 1998, pp. 1464–1480., faculty.washington.edu/agg/pdf/Gwald_McGh_Schw_JPSP_1998.OCR.pdf.â€Å"How The Concept Of Implicit Bias Came Into Being.† NPR, National Public Radio, Inc., 17 Oct. 2016, www.npr.org/2016/10/17/498219482/how-the-concept-of-implicit-bias-came-into-being.Kang, Jerry Bennett, Mark Carbado , Devon Casey, Pamela Dasgupta, Nilanjana Faigman, David D. Godsil, Rachel G. Greenwald, Anthony Levinson, Justin Mnookin, Jennifer.. â€Å"Implicit Bias in the Courtroom.† UCLA Law Review, vol 59, no. 5, February 2012, pp. 1124-1186. ResearchGate,  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256016531_Implicit_Bias_in_the_Courtroom Payne, Keith. â€Å"How to Think about ‘Implicit Bias.’† Scientific American, Macmillan Publishers Ltd, 27 Mar. 2018, www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-think-about-implicit-bias/.â€Å"Stereotype Threat Widens Achievement Gap.† American Psychological Association, American Psychological Association, 15 July 2006, www.apa.org/research/action/stereotype.aspx.White, Michael J., and Gwendolen B. White. â€Å"Implicit and Explicit Occupational Gender Stereotypes.† Sex Roles, vol. 55, no. 3-4, Aug. 2006, pp. 259–266., doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9078-z.Wittenbrink, Bernd, et al. â€Å"Evidence for Racial Prejudice at the Implicit Level and Its Relationship with Questionnaire Measures.† Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 72, no. 2, Feb. 1997, pp. 262–274. PsychInfo, American Psychological Association, psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi10.1037/0022-3514.72.2.262.Young, Yolanda. â€Å"Teachers Implicit Bias against Black St udents Starts in Preschool, Study Finds.† The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 4 Oct. 2016, www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/04/black-students-teachers-implicit-racial-bias-preschool-study. Guardian Media Group

Executive Summary for business plan for frozen yogurt company Assignment

Executive Summary for business plan for frozen yogurt company - Assignment Example This, in turn, will significantly contribute towards the swift operations of the company. As a result, the company will be able to follow through on its objectives and mission of providing quality and efficient services and products to clients. Product. Y-spot frozen yogurt company is a business that seeks to commit to quality production for the market base. The company shall focus on the production of frozen yoghurts. Thus, in order to gain a competitive edge over its competitors, the company shall specialize in the production of different flavors of yoghurts. These flavors shall be based on unique customer requests. This implies that the company shall focus on the production of tailor-made yogurt products for its consumers. Therefore, the company shall gain a competitive edge over its rivals by responding effectively to unique customer needs. In addition, production of frozen yoghurts by the company also offers an efficient and effective mode of preservation for the company’s highly perishable products. Location. Y-spot frozen yogurt company shall, thus, be located in New York. This is attributed to the magnitude and nature of New York’s population. The city is inhabited by numerous and vast populations from various parts of the world. In addition, the city also boasts of numerous institutions with an immense student and working population. Therefore, the city’s vast and cosmopolitan population will provide the necessary market for the company. However, the company shall also employ the necessary marketing strategies such as use of the internet and social networks in the process of optimizing its sales operations. Moreover, the company shall also roll out its operations to the environs of New York as part of its first substantial expansion plan prior to rolling out operations to other parts of the nation. These expansion processes

Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Plagiarism - Essay Example cies of GCU, a student may be awarded an F grade for the complete course in which he has conducted academic dishonesty or F grade may be assigned to the project or the assignment in which he had conducted the act of plagiarism. If the university wishes, they may remove the student from the course or the student might have to take the course again or credit for a particular course may be deleted, this will result in failure to obtain the degree for which the student has gained education. To avoid issues that are regarded as academic dishonesty, students should refrain from such acts and instead of conducting plagiarism; they should consider options such as proper time management in order to manage educational, family and work life. At GCU, students are provided with policies that clearly state what instances are considered as plagiarism and how can one avoid plagiarism by properly giving credit to others for their work. Plagiarism software’s needed to check plagiarisms are even available so students do not conduct academic

Order of Military Medical Merit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Order of Military Medical Merit - Essay Example During her tenure at the MEDDAC at Fort McClellan as a Private First Class, MAJ Robinson was recognized by the Sergeant Major of the Army, SMA Richard A. Kidd, for her significant loyalty, dedication and contributions to the mission of caring for our Soldiers and her demonstrated leadership potential. While a sergeant, Major Robinson coordinated medical support for a MASCAL in Seoul, South Korea. Her quick actions coupled with her mature decision making minimized the outcome of a tragic accident. MAJ Robinson's immediate lifesaving skills provided prompt emergency care to the victims of the accident. She was recognized for her devotion and selfless service by the Commander, 18th Medical Command. As a Staff Sergeant assigned to Kirk U.S. Army Health Clinic, MAJ Robinson volunteered to orchestrate and enhance the renovation plan for the Pediatric and Gynecology Clinics, providing floor plans, coordinating automation support and the relocation of all associated equipment. She has genero usly contributed her personal time to ensure the renovation, without letting any adverse impact on the 14,000 beneficiaries of the health clinic. The patient care area and the capabilities of both clinics was increased by about 50 percent. MAJ Robinson also accepted the mission to oversee the transition of the clinic from a legacy system to the Composite Health Care System (CHCS). Along with this, she authored the definitive Standard Operating Procedure for appointment scheduling, ensuring that the TRICARE access standards were used thus improving the quality of patient care for the eligible beneficiaries. Key milestones in her career include; In 1998, MAJ Robinson was selected for entrance into the Army Enlisted Commissioning Program. In 2000, MAJ Robinson graduated from the University of Maryland's School of Nursing. Exceeding the course standards of the Critical Care Nursing Course taught at Walter Reed Army Medical Center and was the Honor Graduate for the course. In 2003, MAJ Robinson, as a First Lieutenant, was deployed to Afghanistan and Uzbekistan serving as the Chief Nurse for an Area Support Medical Company with a troop population of over 2,500 Soldiers engaged in combat operations against Al Qaeda and Taliban forces. It is worth mentioning that during the field operations in Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, her performance was categorized as "well above her normal responsibilities" by the TF MED NORTH (TFMN) Commander. She was the only Registered Nurse trained in critical care and maintained an intubated and sedated American Soldier for 17 hours until MEDEVAC was available. MAJ Robinson also served as one of only two female officers from TFMN to relocate and support the austere location outside of the city of Konduz and provided level-1 and humanitarian care to over 2,000 Afghan civilians. She also volunteered to cross train in the pharmacy and functioned as the Public Health Nurse by supervising the hepatitis and tuberculosis screening program for the Soldiers, local nationals and U.S. civilians employed at Camp Stronghold Freedom. Following her deployment, MAJ Robinson became a competent and newly trained Open Heart Nurse. MAJ Robinson then tackled the extremely important task of monitoring and auditing blood product administration, which significantly decreased the number of unusual occurrences related to blood/blood product administration by 80%, a vital improvement for DDEAMC. At WBAMC, she was

Systems Theory And Change Management Information Technology Essay

Systems Theory And Change Management Information Technology Essay Change Management is important for any business transformation like new technology implementation, merger or acquisition. A common framework breaks down change management into three stages: Freeze, Change, and Unfreeze. This paper explains the concept of change management and relate it to the concepts in general systems theory. The case study on an organization is based on my experiences while implementing the change management. This case study is my understanding and analysis of the respective organization as a system of people, process and technology. This analysis will help students and change management consultants to broaden their view and correlate the general systems theory for effective change management. Whenever we have a business transformation within an organization, it impacts the process, the people and technology (Larkin, 2003). Change Management emphasis on the people side of change. Mc Kinsey and Company recently surveyed 1546 business executives from around the world, asking them if they consider their change program completely/mostly successfully: Only 30 percent agreed (Isem, Joseph and Pung, 2006). The change management approach for an organization was based on three stages: Freeze, Change, Unfreeze (Nickols, 2007). The key to the success of a change initiative is to access the previous changes and implementing the change by learnings from previous experiences and by avoiding repeating errors. To analyze the organizations readiness for a change we interact with the people who are responsible and are part of this change. In this paper we will discuss how the steps followed in change management to implement a change are also explained by Bertalanffy in General Systems Theory. We will discuss my experiences to access organizations readiness for change and correlate them with General Systems Theory. Systems Theory would enhance the understanding of an organization that would help to implement an effective change management. II. Theoretical Background: Change Management in Organizations. The first and foremost definition of change management refers to the making of changes in a planned and managed or systematic fashion (Nickols, 2007). A change within an organization could be a business transformation like implementation of new technology, merger or acquisition, layoffs etc. These changes not only affect the process and technology of an organization but also the people affected by this change. A business process transformation impacts the process, people and the technology (Larkin, 2003). Change management concentrates on the people side of change. Change Management is a process through which an organization can achieve its objective. In a conventional approach the various steps through this journey may be delineated but change management facilities to align these steps in a systematic manner to achieve success. It has not been determined whether change management is an art, science, a profession or a discipline. It is more likely composed of a little of each and a totally separate entity in itself (Ledez, 2008). It is a process through which we can predict the success of a change initiative by assessing the readiness of the organization towards change and then implement strategies to achieve the transition from the present scenario to the final transformation. Another definition of change management refers to the efforts it takes to manage people through the emotional ups and downs that inevitably occur when the organization is undergoing massive change (Sieber, Nah, 1999). With the increase in competition and technology it is necessary for an organization to initiate business transformation. The most crucial stage in the change management methodology is Freeze. As a change management consultant my focus was based on assessing the organizations readiness for change. To analyze the organizations readiness for change, we assess the change history, cultural conduciveness of the organization and the overall perception of the senior management towards this change initiative. Systems Theory and Systems Thinking. Systems Integrity is one of the underlying concepts of systems theory emphasizes on understanding the intricacies of a system before making any changes to it. A system becomes more complex with the advancement of technology. As the systems become more complex it is imperative to understand the system as a whole and the interactions within the system. Systems theory focuses on the relationships between parts and the properties of a whole, rather than reducing a whole to its parts and studying their individual properties (Ackoff, 1971). A system is defined as an entity which maintains its existence through mutual interactions of its parts (Bertalanffy, 1976). The interactions within a system occur due to its hierarchical order. The different sub-systems within a system have a particular role to play within a larger system of which it is a part (Sanford, 2004). The underlying structure of which is a nested hierarchy of increasing orders of complexity (Sanford, 2004). Ackoff believes that a systems theory concept approach is fundamental to the study of organizations, so he translated von Bertalanffys original definition of a system to organizational context (Chun, Song, Arling, Granados, 2008). A system is composed of subsystems that interact with each other. At any given time, a system or its subsystems exhibits a state, defined as its current properties or characteristics (Chun, Song, Arling, Granados, 2008). A change in the state of a system is called an event (Chun, Song, Arling, Granados, 2008). In simple terms, an event is any observable occurrence. The behavior of a system can be regarded as an event. Behaviors are events that initiate other events(Chun, Song, Arling, Granados, 2008). For example, providing incentives to the employees is a behavior that will cause another event to motivate the employees. A process is a sequence of behaviors within a system that can lead to reach its final goal (Chun, Song, Arling, Granado s, 2008). This is also related to the concept of equifinality. Equifinality is an idea that suggests that in an open system a similar result may be achieved in many different ways (Cumming, Worley, 2005). Any system that interacts with the external environment is an open system. The open systems interact with the sub-systems within or external environment through feedback mechanism. The final goal or objective of a system can be achieved by the various subsystems in an open system through different ways, paths or procedures. This concept of an open system is called Equifinality. Towards a Systems Theory approach in Change Management. The backbone of change management is composed of a variety of hard and soft sciences drawn upon psychology, sociology, business administration, economics, industrial engineering, systems engineering (Nickols, 2007). It is imperative to study the long term cultural and behavioral patterns of a system to analyze the scope of change within that system. Change Management theory includes a series of models, beliefs, concepts and principles known as General Systems Theory (Nickols, 2007). The concepts of systems theory enhances the effectiveness of change management in an organization. We will now describe the research methodology and the case study of the company where I implemented change management. Lets call that company as LSD (hypothetical name). III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: CASE STUDY The organization as a whole can be considered as a system with various departments within the organizations acting as subsystems interacting among each other and the outside world. The people within an organization are the integral part of this system. Change is also a psychological even and any organizational change may involve some real and perceived threat of personal loss for the people involved. This event may lead to the resistant behavior by the people involved in the change initiative. The success of a change program can be brought about by appropriate connections of many activities related to human behavior. Change management in all about predicting the future. To analyze and predict the success of a change initiative within an organization we need to assess the long term patters or history and behaviors of events within the organization. Current State Assessment consisting of evaluation the change history and assessing the Cultural Conduciveness for the change will provide suggestions how to manage the change within the organization. Organizational readiness assessment will help LSD to determine how prepared they are for the future. Current State Assessment and Organization Readiness Assessment were based on the following inputs- (1) Discussions/ Interviews with the top management, (2) Dialogue with the Core Team i.e. people working on the new technology, (3) Workshops and Questionnaire administration among the key stakeholders i.e. people who are either affected by the change program or can have an impact on the successful implementation of the change program, (4) Workshops and Questionnaire administered to the Core Team , (5) Questionnaires administered among the larger work force across all the offices in the country. Workshops were conducted to sensitize the stakeholders about the importance of the change initiative (ERP implementation) prior to the questionnaire administration. In all 90 responses were collected from all the departments and offices across the country. Also a variety of designations ranging from C-Level executive to lower staff , were covered to gain a comprehensive understanding of LSDs Change History , Culture and Organizational Readiness. IV. CHANGE MANAGEMENT AT LSD LSD is one of the leading government organizations in the power and energy sector. The organization has around twenty three offices across the country with four head offices in metropolitan cities. With the growth and expansion in the last twenty years the company is deciding to switch from the paper-work procedure to ERP implementation. This implantation will streamline and shorten their business processes to cope with the industry standards and competition. I was part of this change management team that facilitated this challenging transformation. Out team included four third-party change management consultants and ten change agents across the organization. These change agents were the employees who were influential within LSD. Applying Systems Theory to Change Management at LSD. We will now correlate the methodologies used by us in change management with the concepts in systems theory and systems thinking. The approach we used to implement this change included both the quantitative analysis (i.e. by administering questionnaire and analyzing the scores) and qualitative analysis (i.e. by conducting interviews and workshops with the employees). In the change readiness assessment we included the survey from all the employees across the country that would be part of this change program. All these employees are part of the whole change management system and relates to the concept that the focuses on the relationship between parts and the properties of a whole (Ackoff, 1971). Change History Assessment. We assess the history of the previous changes within the organization to understand the system better before altering it. The analysis of previous history data will provide us with the previous trends, patterns or behavior of the system. This helps a change management consultant to predict the system better in case of any future changes and manage the system accordingly. The parameters used in the change history assessment are:- Stakeholder Identification and Commitment It is imperative for us to include all the people as a subsystem to interact within the system as a whole. Resistance Analysis and Management The change from one event to another may cause some change in behavior. When we consider the people as part of a system, changes in human behavior is also predominant. Resistance analysis is to gauge the human behavior within our system. Benefits Identification and Management This is one of the parameters that play a very important role in a balancing process. The change management approach is a goal-seeking process that tends to reach the equifinality. The various departments and the people across the organization work together to reach the final change. The resistance from the employees may imbalance the system and diverge it to reach the final goal. Benefits Identification and management is a balancing act to make the resistant employees realize the benefits for them from this change initiative. This will lead the whole system to balance and reach the objective. Communication effectiveness This is also an important variable in any change management process. As the organizations become more complex and large the effectiveness of communication is a challenge. The more effective is the communication, the more aware and supportive the employees are. We can also explain this balancing process through the diagram below: Cultural Conduciveness: Culture is something that is difficult to define accurately, but everyone knows when they sense it. The pattern in the culture helps a change consultant to sense the mindset of the organization. The culture of the organization was assessed on the basis of the following parameters like trust , team work, openness , interpersonal learning , respect for the individuals , organizational support , rewards and recognition. After realizing the problem areas from previous history assessment, we had interviews with the stakeholders to understand the story of the problem. These interviews provided very useful information on the viewpoints of the employees with respect to this change initiative and their perspective on the culture of the organization. This helps the change management consultant to be a part of the system and sensitize to the structure of the organization. The key findings of my project were: The culture for rewards and recognition was less prominent and didnt motivated employees to be enthusiastic about any developments within the organization. The lower level employees felt alienated by the senior level executives. The communication and trust between the senior and lower management was missing. This lead to dissatisfaction among the lower level and they never took in the organization activities.

Bears :: Animals Wildlife Nature Essays

Bears â€Å"If you talk to the animals, they will talk to you, and you will know each other. If you do not talk to them, you will not know them, and what you do not know you will fear. What one fears, one destroys.† This was said by Chief Dan George and is common with many wild animals here in North America; one animal in particular, the bear. There are three different types of bears in North America: brown (or grizzly), polar, and black. The most common in the Northern Virginia area are black bears (Palmer & Lickley, 2001). Though the Native Americans respected and even revered bears, they became a symbol of danger, aggression, violence, and fear for the white man as he moved onto Native American lands. Today, people fear bears because of stories they’ve heard about attacks, movies they’ve watched, or various personal reasons, but here is a different story. Bear attacks are very rare. Over the past one hundred years, fewer than fifty people have died from grizzly bear attacks, and only one hundred and fifty such attacks have been reported as serious (Animal Planet, 2004). Bears do not attack just because they are bears and it’s their nature; in fact, they are not naturally aggressive. Past and current events have affected bears and the way people view them, but bears are not vicious creatures that attack at will. Encounters with bears do not have to be horrible; there are steps a person can take to ensure their own safety and the safety of the bear. First, why do bears attack? Bears are animals and act instinctively in order to survive. They are omnivores, so they eat both meat and plants, such as berry or flowered plants, rodents, and fish. Bears are social, predictable (if you understand them), curious about their environment, and they don’t have an agenda. They live in a dominance hierarchy and they are not territorial, but they will defend their personal space (Emerald Air Service, 2004). Every bear varies and has a different comfort zone. Some bears, usually younger ones, will approach objects they are curious about within two inches, while other bears don’t get within two miles of something new.

Mobile Application on Mindanao State University Essay

The proposed system entitled MSU Grade Module on Mobile using Android OS is a mobile version of the current Grade Module of Mindanao State University. This system enables the instructor to input grades and update INC grades at any location and at any time. Obtaining the Grade Module password is also done using mobile connection. Reasons: * With the convenience of an Android-powered mobile phone, the instructor does not need to physically go to the clerk to request for Grade Module password. * The Grade Module password is sent through email which is more secure than printed Grade Module stub. * The instructor does not need to be in their respective department or in the university to input and/or update grades. * The scarcity of available computers in the university is no longer a concern. * If the instructor is away for seminars, vacations, and other reasons, the instructor no longer needs to request favour from other instructors to input and/or update grades for them, thus the accountability of the grade resides only to the instructor in-charge and lessen bothering other instructors. * With this kind of application, an instructor can become invisible from students who keep following him/her because of various reasons. Possible Problem: * Not all instructors have an Android-powered mobile phone. * Not all instructors maintain an email address, especially those who are not technology-savvy. * Internet connection is not stable for instructors who want to input and/or update grades within the university. * The availability of online modules of the university is not stable.

Suicides Essays - Depression, Abnormal Psychology, Bipolar Spectrum

Suicides Essays - Depression, Abnormal Psychology, Bipolar Spectrum Suicides Ricky Medina Intro. to Biology Report # 3 Twenty-six Israeli suicidal patients, twenty-four non-suicidal patients and twenty-four control aptients completed tests on different suicidal tendencies. Suicidal adolescents showed more negative responses that did either the non-suicidal adolescents or the control patients. Furthermore compared to the other two groups, the suicidal adolescents showed less complex self-attributes and a higher tendency to have a low self-esteem. Results were discussed and it was found that suicidal adolescents were unevenly processing information or stimuli which was causing confusion which led to their suicidal tendencies. Orbach, Isreal, Mario Mikulineer, Daniel Stein, and Orit Cohen, Self-representation of Suicidal Adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1996. Vol. No.3 435-439.Ricky Medina Intro. to Biology Report # 4 Researchers used multiple measures of irrationability and compared the reactions of never-depressed controls (ND) with people who had recovered from major depression. The ND studies revealed that they didn't exceed in errationality and negative mood in specific situations. The people who were recovered from depression did show that when there were other variables their attitude did change faster than those who had never suffered from depression. They concluded that recovered depressed people weren't able to handle being under different situations when they had to control there rational way of life. Brody, Cindy, David A.F. Haaga, Ari Solomon, Lindsey Kirk, and Dara G. Friedman 1998. Priming Irational Beliefs in Recovered-Depressed People. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Vol. No.3 440-449Ricky Medina Intro. to Biology Report # 5 In 1989, the National Institute of mental health (NIMH) completed the most careful study comparing the success rates of psychotherapy versus antidepressant drug therapy in the treatment of cases of major depression. Patients with major depression were assigned a random for 16 weeks to one of four treatments: an antidepressant drug which was imipramine, a placebo pill, interpersonal therapy, of cognitive behavioral therapy. The interpersonal therapy focused on the depressed persons relationships with other people. The findings of the study were surprising. For the less depressed people all four treatments were equally successful. For the Severely depressed people however, the antidepressant drug therapy was highly success ful. 76% improved on the drug nad only 18% on the placebo. After this study NIMH issued a warning it concluded that only 16 weeks of psychotherapy or the drug therapy for depression was sufficient since it resulted in very high relapse rates. Mackel, Donald, William Holder, and Larry Kvols. Psychotherapy or Pharmcotherapy? Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Vol.5. No. 6, 489-495 Mackel, Donald, William Holder, and Larry Kvois, Psychotherapy or Pharmacotherapy? Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Vol. No.6 489-495.Ricky Medina Intro. to Biology report #2 3,450 patients who were diagnosed with either depression, anxiety, or stress syndromes completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). 3 to 8 years later the same patients took the DASS again. Each time the second test scores were the asme as the test scores from the first test. The stability of the patients suffering from at least one of the three syndromes did not vary over the interval of the two test. The results support the stability of depression, anxiety and stress, and draw attention to the distinction between the three different syndromes. These results were interpreted to mean that there is existence of vulnerabilities in the three syndromes, over and beyond the general vulnerability to emotional distress. Lovebond, Peter F. Long-Term Stability of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Syndromes, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1998, Vol. 107, No. 3, 520-526

500 Word Illustration Essay Essay Example

500 Word Illustration Essay Essay Example 500 Word Illustration Essay Essay 500 Word Illustration Essay Essay A sense of humor can make a hard time easier to bear. It does not matter what type, from sarcasm to the everyday â€Å"knock-knock† joke, humor has always been a way that I have expressed emotion. Bad days are always going to be around, there is no way to change that, but Humor is always a way to make the saddest of people crack a smile. Laughter is a powerful path into peoples mind, and can relieve pain by forgetting and living in the moment. Pain can be caused by basically anything, death, bad grades, work, or family, but at the end of the day I am always smiling. Laughter is the best medicine has been able to cure people with mental and physical injuries. For me when I am hurt, I do not cry but laugh , maybe from shock of a physical injury, but I always feel better when laughing. When attending an event where something tragic has occurred or at a funeral, I hear laughter. I believe laughing is a way to remember and express feelings. The most unbearable thing I have ever done was say good bye to my team mate, Andy. Having died at the age of thirteen, it was a horrible experience to go through. My defense was humor, and being my sarcastic self relieved the pain and was the only option for me. I remember sitting at the wake feeling extremely uncomfortable, but just laughing with a friend on mine because if we weren’t laughing the pain and shock would tear at us. Math class was unbearable for me. Trying to find the the length of the arc of a circle, at ten in the morning was never fun. Usually my daily nap occurred during that forty minute period, but the constant jokes and comments kept me awake. I began to actually like the class, only because the inside jokes the class had without my teachers knowledged. Obviously Pain is unavoidable, and even though I am young, I have lived through my fair share of pain. I have seen death, and sorrow, but I always moved on with life. Pain never leaves but can be covered by happiness, which laughter creates, and which is very contagious. Living or even being around happy people always makes me smile. A joke is told and laughter explodes. Laughter makes me feel better, because it can make me feel alive, living in that moment and helping me forget the troubles. Laughter can truly cure anything. It helps me forget the pain and live my life. Making a bad situation into a bearable time is always good, Laughter is the key to move on, to smile and to be happy. If there was no humor, how would people react?

UK Mobile Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

UK Mobile Industry - Essay Example In recent years however, the number of potential new customers have fallen drastically therefore customer base has become the most critical resource for mobile operators for sustained profitability. As the scope for acquiring first time users decreases, operators increasingly rely on luring customers who choose to switch networks while at the same time minimizing their own churn rates. The UK telecom market is one of the most dynamic and competitive market in the world. Mobile penetration rates hover around 76%, there are four players operating in the market vying for almost the entire UK population. The key players besides Orange are: Vodafone: The global telecom giant is the largest company in Britain, in terms of market capitalization. It poses strong competition for Orange, as its market share of 25% is marginally less than that of Orange. Recent developments at Vodafone Plc, like the tie up with Google for introducing search and mapping services on phones should be especially taken note of by Orange. One2One: One2One forayed into the UK market in '93.It has a substantial market presence, as 20% of the total mobile users are One2One users. In terms of network coverage, it has the lowest coverage among the four operators. A huge proportion of its subscribers are "pay as you go". Virgin: Although a separate service operator, Virgin uses the One2One network. It offers only "pay as you go" packages. Briefly, the characteristics of the UK telecom market are: 1. UK mobile services prices are relatively cheap compared to other OECD countries. 2. Consumer satisfaction levels with the key mobile players are high. 3. Competetion based on quality is another characteristic of the UK mobile market. 4. Penetration rate is 76% which indicates less scope for growth. Challenges faced by mobile operators in UK. 1. Formal regulation of the mobile sector is proposed to be reduced to minimum. 2. Consumer awareness of different packages and tariffs remains low. 3. Prices of "off net calls" between different networks and international roaming rates remain particularly high. 4. Full benefits of mobile number portability are yet to be realized, as the practice of locking handsets to SIM cards inhibits the consumer's ability to switch networks. 5. Massive investments in 3G services have been made but the prospect of return on investment remains uncertain. Orange The largest of UK's four mobile operators, Orange UK has been a success story. It has defended the top slot in one of the most dynamic marketplaces of Europe, despite being the fourth entrant. The main drivers have been-clear and comprehensive pricing policies, attractive service plans and excellent customer service.Also, Orange UK is one of the most recognized brands in England possessing a lot of leverage. Product Range and Service Portfolio In the voice services segment, two main types of services are available from Orange. "Pay as you go" is a scheme in which no monthly rental or obligation has to paid, customers are only billed for their call